Genetics Project Targets Early Disease Detection

Researchers in New Brunswick are mapping regional genetic profiles to identify common inherited conditions and revolutionize early disease screening. The initiative, led by medical geneticists at Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont Hospital in Moncton, aims to create the province’s first genetic database for all seven health zones by 2027.

Research Based in Regional Diversity

The ongoing study, launched in 2018, collects DNA samples from residents in each health zone. With support from Research N.B., scientists are testing 60 individuals per region to detect genetic variants linked to conditions like cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, and sickle cell anemia. Each participant must be at least 19, have two grandparents from the region, and meet basic health criteria.

Acadian Findings Show Genetic Concentrations

Preliminary results from southeastern New Brunswick show a high rate of shared genetic traits among Acadian populations. In that zone, 71% of participants carried at least one notable genetic variant—one variant appeared in 11 individuals. Researchers believe this points to a “bottleneck effect,” a phenomenon where limited genetic diversity is passed down through generations in smaller ancestral groups.

Historic Roots Behind Genetic Trends

According to Acadian genealogist Denis Savard, the gene pool’s homogeneity stems from two historical events: the initial French settlement in the 1600s and the return of a smaller Acadian population after the 1755 deportation. Some communities, such as those in Restigouche and Memramcook, have seen little genetic change over 150 years, reinforcing the pattern.

Tailored Screenings and Better Neonatal Care

By understanding which mutations are prevalent in each region, the project aims to customize neonatal screening programs and guide the development of precision medicine. “We can plan more effective healthcare by knowing what’s in our genes,” said lead researcher Jean Mamelona. The data could help families understand inherited health risks before pregnancy and allow doctors to intervene earlier.

Expanding to English Descent Areas

The research team is now recruiting participants from the Miramichi region, focusing next on Fredericton and Saint John, where populations of English descent are more prominent. The goal is to compare genetic diversity across cultural lines and enhance health services for all New Brunswickers.

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