A large U.S. study finds exercise, healthy eating, and socialization may delay cognitive aging by up to two years in adults at risk for dementia.
Major Study Links Habits to Better Brain Health
A landmark clinical trial has found that adopting moderate lifestyle changes—such as exercising regularly, eating a brain-friendly diet, and staying socially active—can help slow cognitive decline in older adults at risk of dementia. The two-year study, known as the US POINTER trial, involved more than 2,000 participants across five U.S. cities and was presented at the 2025 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in Toronto.
Study Targets At-Risk but Cognitively Healthy Adults
Participants aged 60 to 79, who were sedentary and at higher risk for dementia due to conditions like prediabetes and high blood pressure, were enrolled in the $50 million randomized study. One group received structured, in-person coaching and team support on exercise, diet, brain training, and social engagement. The other group was self-guided, receiving educational resources but no direct coaching.
Results Show Up to Two-Year Cognitive Boost
According to lead researcher Dr. Laura Baker from Wake Forest University, the structured group delayed cognitive aging by one to nearly two years compared to the self-guided group. Both groups showed overall improvement, but those with regular support and accountability saw more significant cognitive gains. “We were holding their hands at first—but by the end, they were flying on their own,” said Dr. Baker.
Exercise, Diet, and Social Ties Drive Change
Participants followed an aerobic exercise plan, gradually building up to 30 minutes a day, and adopted the MIND diet—a hybrid of the Mediterranean and DASH diets, known to support brain health. Socializing was also emphasized, with group activities designed to reduce isolation. Brain training apps and regular check-ups helped track progress. “Once I started moving and eating right, everything changed,” said Phyllis Jones, a participant from Illinois.
Findings Highlight Importance of Early Intervention
While the POINTER study focused on prevention, experts say it complements research on more intensive interventions for early-stage Alzheimer’s. Dr. Dean Ornish, who led a 2024 trial on reversing cognitive decline, praised POINTER’s impact: “It shows that even moderate changes can help prevent dementia, while intensive programs may be needed for those already diagnosed.”
More Data and Long-Term Monitoring Ahead
Researchers acknowledge the study’s limits, including short duration and the possibility of test familiarity skewing results. However, with over 80% of participants enrolled in a new four-year follow-up, additional insights are expected. “Brain health is a long game,” said Maria Carillo, chief science officer at the Alzheimer’s Association. “We’re investing another $40 million to understand which lifestyle factors matter most—and how they can protect the brain over time.”
Implications for Aging Populations
As Canada’s senior population continues to grow, the POINTER study offers promising evidence that practical, achievable lifestyle adjustments may help preserve cognitive function. Health professionals and policymakers may look to these findings to shape future brain health strategies aimed at prevention—long before symptoms emerge.
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